The effect of language exposure diversity on bilingual vocabulary growth in Yoruba-English toddlers
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- NGN 5000
Background of the Study
Language exposure diversity is a critical factor in the vocabulary growth of bilingual toddlers. In Yoruba-English contexts, toddlers benefit from exposure to a wide range of linguistic inputs that enrich their lexical repertoire and enhance cognitive flexibility. In various settings—whether at home, daycare, or community gatherings—toddlers are exposed to multiple sources of language, each contributing uniquely to vocabulary development (Adeyemi, 2023). Exposure to culturally diverse narratives, songs, and interactive communication facilitates the formation of robust semantic networks and promotes cross-linguistic transfer between Yoruba and English (Oluwaseun, 2024). Research shows that children encountering varied language inputs tend to demonstrate accelerated vocabulary acquisition and improved language processing skills (Balogun, 2025). However, disparities in the quality and quantity of language exposure, often determined by socio-economic status and regional differences, can result in unequal vocabulary growth. This study aims to investigate how language exposure diversity affects bilingual vocabulary development in Yoruba-English toddlers, with a view to informing early intervention and educational policy aimed at optimizing language learning environments.
Statement of the Problem
Despite recognized benefits, many Yoruba-English toddlers experience limited or uneven linguistic inputs, leading to disparities in vocabulary growth. Variations in socio-economic conditions and parental engagement contribute to inconsistent exposure, which may hinder balanced bilingual development (Adeyemi, 2023). Educators and caregivers often struggle to provide an environment rich in diverse language inputs, resulting in gaps in lexical acquisition and language proficiency (Oluwaseun, 2024). This inconsistency undermines academic readiness and cognitive development. The lack of focused research on how exposure diversity specifically impacts vocabulary growth further complicates efforts to design effective early language interventions (Balogun, 2025). This study seeks to address these gaps by examining the influence of diverse language exposure on vocabulary development in Yoruba-English toddlers.
Objectives of the Study:
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To determine the impact of diverse language exposure on vocabulary growth.
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To assess the quality and quantity of linguistic inputs in various settings.
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To provide recommendations for enhancing language exposure diversity in early childhood.
Research Questions:
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How does language exposure diversity affect vocabulary acquisition in Yoruba-English toddlers?
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What differences exist in vocabulary growth among toddlers with varied linguistic experiences?
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What strategies can optimize language exposure to support bilingual vocabulary development?
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it examines the role of language exposure diversity in shaping vocabulary growth among Yoruba-English toddlers. The insights gained will inform parents, educators, and policymakers about the importance of diverse and rich linguistic environments for early language development. By identifying effective exposure strategies, the study aims to reduce linguistic disparities and enhance cognitive and academic outcomes (Adeyemi, 2023; Oluwaseun, 2024).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
The study is limited to investigating the effect of language exposure diversity on vocabulary growth in Yoruba-English toddlers and does not address other language development components such as grammar or phonology.
Definitions of Terms:
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Language Exposure Diversity: The range and variety of linguistic inputs a child encounters.
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Bilingual Vocabulary Growth: The expansion of word knowledge in two languages.
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Yoruba-English Toddlers: Young children learning both Yoruba and English.
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